Katerina Nahaiko

Katerina Nahaiko

Senior Research of Taras Shevchenko Testament Museum, National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereyaslav», candidate of Historical Sciences.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-6060

DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2021.44.4

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE FIGURE OF SHEVCHENKO

ON THE FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL IDEA

(ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KYIV COMMUNITY)

Abstract. The article analyzes the study of the influence of the figure of Taras Shevchenko on the formation of Ukrainian identity among the Kyiv Community, which was one of the key segments of the national revival of the second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth century. This process is represented by the works of members of Ukrainian communities: F. K. Vovk, B. D. Grinchenko, M. P. Drahomanov, S. O. Efremov, M. I. Kostomarov, P. A. Kulish, O. M. Lazarevsky, O. G. Lototsky, S. F. Rusova; works of researchers of the history of the Kyiv community of the first third of the twentieth century, published in scientific publications: "Kyiv Antiquity", "Ukraine" and others; works of diaspora researchers, Soviet and domestic scholars and historians.

On the basis of the analyzed scientific works the influence of Taras Shevchenko on the formation of national self-identity of the members of the Kyiv Community is shown. It is noted that their educational, pedagogical, scientific and political activities were aimed at implementing the idea of an independent Ukrainian state. Measures to honor the memory of the poet played an important role in this process - they became a consolidating factor for the representatives of the Ukrainian national elite both in the Russian Empire and abroad.

The figure of Taras Shevchenko became a national symbol for a whole cohort of representatives of the Ukrainian elite of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. The ideology of Ukrainianness was based on the postulates that were laid down in the creative heritage of Kobzar. Thus, he became a key figure around which a nationally conscious society was formed. Sharing the ideas of Taras Shevchenko and embodying his desire for personal and national freedom, members of the Kyiv Community were bright followers of the poet. The result of their active socio-political activity was the development of national culture, the formation of Ukrainian political thought and the people's awareness of their identity.

Key words: Taras Shevchenko, Kyiv Community, national idea, identity, civic movement, historiography.

Received by the editorial board: 29.04.2021

Download Full Text

REFERENCES:

1. Antonovych, M. D. (1942) Istoriya Ukrayiny. T. IV. (Nova doba). [History of Ukraine]. Praha: Vydavnytstvo Yuriya Tyshchenka, 90 p. [in Ukrainian].

2. Antonovych, M. D. (1971−1972). O. Konys'kyy i T. Shevchenko. [O. Konisky and T. Shevchenko]. Naukovi zapysky Ukrayins'koho tekhnichno-hospodars'koho instytutu [Scientific notes of the Ukrainian Technical and Economic Institute]. Myunkhen, Vyp. 23. P. 3–48 [in Ukrainian].

3. Antonovych, M. D. (1992). Shevchenko i hromady [Shevchenko and the community]. Slovo i Chas [Word and time]. №3. P. 35−37 [in Ukrainian].

4. Bezzub, Yu. (2014). Postat' Tarasa Shevchenka v kontseptsiyi ukrayins'koho natsional'noho vidrodzhennya Borysa Hrinchenka [The figure of Taras Shevchenko in the concept of Ukrainian national revival of Borys Hrinchenko]. Ukrayinoznavchyy al'manakh [Ukrainian Studies Almanac]. Vyp. 17. Kyiv, 2014. P. 273–277 [in Ukrainian].

5. Bulat, T. (1973). Tvorcha pratsya M. Lysenka nad Shevchenkovoyu poemoyu «Haydamaky» i zadum opery [M. Lysenko's creative work on Shevchenko's poem "Haidamaki" and the idea of the opera.]. Zbirnyk prats' dvadtsyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the twente scientific Shevchenko conference]. Kyiv, P. 200−213 [in Ukrainian].

6. V. D. [Doroshenko V.]. (1914). Yuvileyni Shevchenkivs'ki vydannya v Halychyni [Anniversary Shevchenko's editions in Galicia.]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 3. P. 103−104 [in Ukrainian].

7. V. N. [Naumenko V.]. (1907). Do uporyadkuvannya mohyly T. Shevchenka [Before arranging the grave of T. Shevchenko]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. T. III. Kn. 3. Chast. II. P. 42−43 [in Ukrainian].

8. Voznyak, M. (1930). Shevchenko i Halychyna. (Slid zatsikavlennya Shevchenka Halychynoyu v 1843 p.) [Shevchenko and Galicia. (It follows Shevchenko's interest in Galicia in 1843 p.)]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. 1930. № 40. P. 66−72 [in Ukrainian].

9. Hermayze, O. (1925). Novi neporozuminnya z Shevchenkom. Ukrayina [New misunderstandings with Shevchenko]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1−2 (11). P. 170−178 [in Ukrainian].

10. Hlyz', I. (2012). Hromady ukrayins'ki i Shevchenko [Ukrainian Communities and Shevchenko]. Shevchenkivs'ka entsyklopediya: v 6 t. T. 2: H−Z / NAN Ukrayiny, In-t l-ry im. T. H. Shevchenka; red. kol.: M. H. Zhulyns'kyy (hol.) [ta in.]. Kyiv. P. 178–183 [in Ukrainian].

11. Hrakhovets'kyy, D. (1928). Materialy do areshtu kyrylo-metodiyivtsiv: Navrots'koho, Bilozers'koho, Shevchenka ta insh [Materials for the arrest of Cyril and Methodius: Navrotsky, Belozersky, Shevchenko and others]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1 (26). P. 67−72 [in Ukrainian].

12. Hrushevs'ka, K. (1925). Ostannya stattya Franka pro Shevchenka. [Franko's latest article about Shevchenko]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1−2 (Y). P. 5−9 [in Ukrainian].

13. Hrushevs'kyy, M. (1925). V shistdesyat chetverti Shevchenkovi rokovyny [z portretom] [On the sixty-fourth anniversary of Shevchenko [with portrait]]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1−2 (11). P. 3−5 [in Ukrainian].

14. (1994). Dzherela z istoriyi suspil'no-politychnoho rukhu v Ukrayini 19 – poch. 20 st. [Sources on the history of socio-political movement in Ukraine 19 − beg. 20 st]. Natsional'na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny; In-t ukrayins'koyi arkheohrafiyi. Vyp. 1: B. Hrinchenko – M. Drahomanov: Dialohy pro ukrayins'ku natsional'nu spravu / uporyad. A. Zhukovs'kyy. Kyiv. 189 p. [in Ukrainian].

15. Domanyts'kyy, V. (1907). Naukovyy analiz prof. T. Floryns'koho. (Retsenziya na stattyu T. D. Floryns'koho «Slavyanofyl'stvo T. H. Shevchenka»). [Scientific analysis of prof. T. Florinsky]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. T. II. Kn. 2. Chast. 1. P. 172−179 [in Ukrainian].

16. Dotsenko, O. H., Ivanova, L. H. (2010). Ukrayins'kyy suspil'no-politychnyy rukh u druhiy polovyni ХІХ st. [Ukrainian socio-political movement in the second half of the nineteenth century]. Navchal'nyy posibnyk dlya studentiv humanitarnykh fakul'tetiv vyshchykh navchal'nykh zakladiv. K. 2010. 268 p. [in Ukrainian].

17. Drahomanov, M. P. (1882). Shevchenko, ukrayinofily i sotsializm [Shevchenko, Ukrainophiles and Socialism]. Hromada [Community]. № 4. P. 96−102 [in Ukrainian].

18. Dyachenko, O. V. (2007). Vplyv tvorchosti T. H. Shevchenka na svitohlyad O. Ya. Konys'koho [The influence of Taras Shevchenko's work on the worldview of O. Ya. Konysky]. Zapysky oseredku Naukovoho tovarystva im. T. Shevchenka u Dnipropetrovs'ku: zbirnyk naukovykh prats [Notes of the branch of the Scientific Society. T. Shevchenko in Dnepropetrovsk: a collection of scientific works]. Dnipropetrovs'k: Vyd-vo Dnipropetrovs'koho nats. un-tu. Vyp. 1. P. 65−73 [in Ukrainian].

19. Yekel'chyk, S. (2010). Ukrayinofily: svit ukrayins'kykh patriotiv druhoyi polovyny ХІХ st. [Ukrainophiles: the world of Ukrainian patriots of the second half of the XIX century]. Kyiv: KIS. 272 p. [in Ukrainian].

20. Yemets, T. M. (2013). Taras Shevchenko yak vyznachal'na postat' natsional'noho vidrodzhennya [Taras Shevchenko as a defining figure of the national revival]. Ukrayinoznavchyy al'manakh [Ukrainian Studies Almanac]. Kyyivs'kyy natsional'nyy universytet im. T. Shevchenka. Vyp. 12. P. 26–30 [in Ukrainian].

21. Yefremov, S. (1914). Retsenziyi [Reviews]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 3. P. 99−100 [in Ukrainian].

22. Yefremov, S. (1917). Taras Shevchenko, zhyttya yoho ta dila [Taras Shevchenko, his life and work]. Vyd. tretye. Kyiv: Drukarnya T-va «ChAs. 56 p. [in Ukrainian].

23. Zhytets'kyy, H. P. (1928). Kyyivs'ka hromada za 60-tykh rokiv [Kyiv community in the 60s]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1. P. 91−125 [in Ukrainian].

24. Zhytets'kyy, I. P. (1925). Shevchenko i kharkivs'ka molod' [Shevchenko and Kharkiv youth]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1−2 (11). P. 143−148 [in Ukrainian].

25. Zhur, P. (1971). U koli revolyutsiyno-demokratychnoyi molodi Ukrayiny [In the circle of revolutionary-democratic youth of Ukraine]. Zbirnyk prats' visimnadtsyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi. Kyyiv. P. 78−107 [in Ukrainian].

26. Zabiyaka, I. (2002). Shevchenkiana na storinkakh zhurnalu «Kyevskaya staryna» [Shevchenko on the pages of the magazine "Kiev Antiquity"]. Naukovi zapysky instytutu zhurnalistyky [Scientific notes of the Institute of Journalism]. T. 8. K. P. 83−87 [in Ukrainian].

27. Zadnipryans'kyy, R. (1947). Ukrayinofil's'kyy ta ukrayins'kyy Kobzar [Ukrainophile and Ukrainian Kobzar.]. Literatura i krytyka. 134, II s. [in Ukrainian].

28. Ivanyts'ka, S. H. (2014). Obraz Tarasa Shevchenka v interpretatsiyi diyacha Staroyi (Kyyivs'koyi) Hromady Vil'yama Berenshtama [The image of Taras Shevchenko in the interpretation of the activist of the Old (Kyiv) Community William Berenshtam]. Ukrayins'ka biohrafistyka [Ukrainian biography]. № 11. P. 54−71 [in Ukrainian].

29. Kas'yanov, H. V. (1993). Ukrayins'ka intelihentsiya na rubezhi ХІХ−ХХ stolit': sotsial'no-politychnyy portret [Ukrainian intelligentsia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries]. K.: Lybid. 176 p. [in Ukrainian].

30. Katrenko, A. M., Katrenko, Ya. A. (2003). Natsional'no-kul'turna ta politychna diyal'nist' Kyyivs'koyi hromady (60–90-ti roky XIX st.) [National-cultural and political activity of the Kyiv community (60-90s of the XIX century)]. Kyyiv: [b. v.], 2003. 179 p. [in Ukrainian].

31. Katrenko, A. (2000). T. H. Shevchenko i ukrayins'kyy natsional'nyy rukh [Taras Shevchenko and the Ukrainian national movement]. Istoriya Ukrayiny [History of Ukraine]. № 44 (lystopad). P. 1–4 [in Ukrainian].

32. Kybal'chych, M. A. (1959). Vshanuvannya pam’yati Shevchenka u Peterburzi (1861 r.) i v Krakovi (1914 r.) [Commemoration of Shevchenko in St. Petersburg (1861) and in Krakow (1914)]. Zbirnyk prats' s'omoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the seventh scientific Shevchenko conference]. Kyyiv. P. 165−185 [in Ukrainian].

33. Korotkyy, V. (2015). Sered tvortsiv kul'tu Shevchenka: uchast' Volodymyra Antonovycha u dohlyadi za mohyloyu Kobzarya [Among the creators of the Shevchenko cult: the participation of Vladimir Antonovich in the care of the grave of Kobzar]. Etnichna istoriya narodiv Yevropy [Ethnic history of the peoples of Europe]. Vyp. 46. P. 40–50 [in Ukrainian].

34. Korotkyy, V. (2001). Uchast' V. Antonovycha u vshanuvanni pam’yati T. Shevchenka [Participation of V. Antonovych in honoring the memory of Taras Shevchenko]. Visnyk Kyyivs'koho natsional'noho universytetu im. T. Shevchenka. Istoriya [Bulletin of Kyiv National University. T. Shevchenko. History]. K. Vyp. 58. P. 34–37 [in Ukrainian].

35. Korotkyy, V. (2010). Uchast' Volodymyra Antonovycha u vydanni poetychnykh tvoriv Tarasa Shevchenka [Volodymyr Antonovych's participation in the publication of Taras Shevchenko's poetic works]. Ukrayins'kyy arkheohrafichnyy shchorichnyk. Nova Seriya [Ukrainian Archaeographic Yearbook. New Series]. Vypusk 15. P. 251−28 [in Ukrainian].

36. Kostomarov, N. (1861). Vospomynanye o dvukh malyarakh [Memories of two painters]. Osnova [Basis]. P. 43−54 [in Ukrainian].

37. Kulish, P. O. (1882). Khutorna poeziya [Farm poetry]. L'viv, 1882. 137 p. [in Ukrainian].

38. Lazarevskyy, A. M. (1895). Ocherky, zametky y dokumentы po ystoryy Malorossyy: [v 5 t.]. [Essays, notes and documents on the history of Little Russia]. Kyev: Typ. H. T. Korchak-Novytskoho, 1892−1899. T. 2. 146 p. [in Ukrainian].

39. Lenyuk, L. L. (1959). Staryts'kyy i Shevchenko [Starytsky and Shevchenko]. Zbirnyk prats' s'omoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the seventh scientific Shevchenko conference]. Kyyiv. P. 195−205 [in Ukrainian].

40. Lotots'kyy, O. (1959). Derzhavnyts'kyy svitohlyad T. Shevchenka [T. Shevchenko's state worldview]. Povne zibrannya tvoriv Tarasa Shevchenka. Chykaho. T. III. P. 352−353 [in Ukrainian].

41. Makar, H. (2014). Shevchenkove slovo pid tsenzuroyu v kintsi ХІХ – na pochatku ХХ st. [Shevchenko's word under censorship in the late nineteenth − early twentieth century]. Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorods'koho universytetu [Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University]. Vyp. 1(31). 2014. P. 333−340 [in Ukrainian].

42. Mytsyuk, O. (1933). Ukrayins'ki khlopomany [Ukrainian thugs]. Chernivtsi, 1933. 80 p. [in Ukrainian].

43. Miyakovs'kyy, V. (1984). Nedrukovane y zabute. Hromads'ki rukhy dev’yatnadtsyatoho storichchya. Novitnya ukrayins'ka literatura [Unprinted and forgotten. Nineteenth-century social movements. The latest Ukrainian literature]. Рid red. M. Antonovycha. N'yu-York. 509 p. [in Ukrainian].

44. Miyakovs'kyy, V. V. (1924). «Kyevskaya hromada»: Yz ystoryy ukraynskoho obshchestvennoho dvyzhenyya 60-kh hh. ["Kiev community": From the history of the Ukrainian social movement of the 60s]. Letopys' revolyutsyy [Chronicle of the revolution]. № 4. P. 127−150 [in Russia].

45. N. Sh. [Shuhurov, M. V.]. (1899). Yz vospomynanyy M. M. Lazarevskoho o T. H. Shevchenko. [From the memoirs of M. M. Lazarevsky about T. G. Shevchenko]. Kyevskaya staryna [Kiev antiquity]. T. 65. P. 433–439 [in Russia].

46. N. Sh. [Shuhurov, M. V.]. (1899). Svedenyya po voprosu o meste pohrebenyya T. H. Shevchenko y o pervom posmertnom yzdanyy eho sochynenyy [Information on the place of burial of T.G. Shevchenko and on the first posthumous edition of his works]. Kyevskaya Staryna [Kiev antiquity]. T. LХІV. P. 168−184 [in Russia].

47. Nahayko, K. (2020). Do pytannya vshanuvannya pam’yati T. Shevchenka Kyyivs'koyu ukrayins'koyu hromadoyu [Before the feeding of the memory of T. Shevchenko by the Kiev Ukrainian community]. «Tarasova hora: lyudy i podiyi» ["Tarasova mountain: people and events"]. Kaniv, 2018 r. Uporyadnyk L. O. Chorna. Kyyiv: «Panmediya». P. 59−70 [in Ukrainian].

48. Nahayko, K. M. (2016). «Bat'ko ukrayins'koyi natsiyi»: T. H. Shevchenko ta Kyyivs'ka Hromada v ukrayins'komu natsional'nomu vidrodzhenni ["Father of the Ukrainian nation": T. G. Shevchenko and the Kiev Community in the Ukrainian National Revival]. Naukovi zapysky z ukrayins'koyi istoriyi: zb. nauk. st. Pereyaslav-Khmel'nyts'kyy. [Scientific notes on Ukrainian history]. Vyp. 40 (Spetsvypusk). P. 130–138 [in Ukrainian].

49. Nalyvayko, D. (1971). Drahomanov – populyaryzator Shevchenka v Zakhidniy Yevropi [Dragomanov − popularizer of Shevchenko in Zakhidniy Europe]. Zbirnyk prats' visimnadtsyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Eighteenth Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 149−168 [in Ukrainian].

50. Novyts'kyy, M. (1925). Shevchenko v protsesi 1847 r. i yoho papery [Shevchenko in the process 1847 p. і yogo papery]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 12. (11). P. 51−99 [in Ukrainian].

51. Paliyenko, M. H. (2005). «Kievskaya staryna» u hromads'komu ta naukovomu zhytti Ukrayiny (kinets' ХІХ−pochatok ХХ st.) [Kiev antiquity "at the huge and scientific life of Ukraine (XIX− XX century)]. Kyyiv: Tempora. 384 p. [in Ukrainian].

52. Peredmova [Preface]. Naukovyy chasopys ukrayinoznavstva «Ukrayina» (1907−1932). Pokazhchyk zmistu. Uporyad.: R. V. Mayboroda, V. H. Vrublevs'kyy. P. 4−5 [in Ukrainian].

53. Plachynda, V. (1898). T. H. Shevchenko i P. H. Zhytets'kyy [Shevchenko and Zhitetsky]. Zbirnyk prats' dvadtsyat' s'omoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 200−215 [in Ukrainian].

54. Pobirchenko, N. S. (2000). Hromadivtsi i «Malyy Kobzar» T. Shevchenka dlya ditey [Hromadivtsi and T. Shevchenko's "Little Kobzar" for children]. Pochatkova shkola [Elementary School]. № 3. S. 57−58 [in Ukrainian].

55. Pryyma, F. Ya. (1960). Poeziya Shevchenka v rosiys'komu suspil'nomu i literaturnomu zhytti 1870−1880 rokiv [Shevchenko's poetry in Russian social and literary life of 1870-1880]. Zbirnyk prats' vos'moyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the eighth scientific Shevchenko conference]. Kyyiv. P. 220−271 [in Ukrainian].

56. Pryyma, F. Ya. (1961). Shevchenko i students'kyy rukh periodu revolyutsiynoyi sytuatsiyi v Rosiyi 1859 – 1861 rokiv [Shevchenko and the student movement during the revolutionary situation in Russia in 1859-1861]. Zbirnyk prats' dev’yatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Ninth Shevchenko Scientific Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 127−160 [in Ukrainian].

57. Prysyazhnyuk, M. (1982). Panas Myrnyy i Shevchenko [Panas Mirnyi and Shevchenko]. Zbirnyk prats' dvadtsyat' chetvertoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the twenty-fourth scientific Shevchenko conference]. Kyyiv. P. 139−175 [in Ukrainian].

58. Prysyazhnyuk, M. F. (1964). Vshanuvannya pam’yati Shevchenka v Poltavi 1861 roku [Commemoration of Shevchenko in Poltava in 1861]. Zbirnyk prats' dvanadtsyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Twelfth Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 241−252 [in Ukrainian].

59. Pustova, F. (1983). Franko pro svitove znachennya Shevchenka [Franco on the world significance of Shevchenko]. Zbirnyk prats' dvadtsyat' pyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 173−180 [in Ukrainian].

60. Rusova, S. (1913). Shevchenko y ukraynskoe obshchestvo 60-khъ hodovъ [Shevchenko and the Ukrainian society of the 60s]. Ukraynskaya Zhyzn [Ukrainian Life]. Kn. 2. P. 35–53 [in Ukrainian].

61. Savchenko, F. (1929). Lystuvannya O. O. Rusova z Ya. P. Polops'kym v spravi spomyniv pro Shevchenka dlya praz'koho vydannya «Kobzarya» [Correspondence of OO Rusov with JP Polopsky on the matter of memories of Shevchenko for the Prague edition of "Kobzar"]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. № 34. P. 95−100 [in Ukrainian].

62. Svitlenko, S. I. (2014). Postat' T. H. Shevchenka v diyal'nosti B. D. Hrinchenka na Katerynoslavshchyni [The figure of Taras Shevchenko in the activities of BD Grinchenko in the Ekaterinoslav region]. Prydniprov’ya: istoryko-krayeznavchi doslidzhennya [Dnieper: historical and local lore research]. Vyp. 12. P. 76−84 [in Ukrainian].

63. Svitlenko, S. I. (2014). Postat' T. H. Shevchenka v diyal'nosti ukrayins'kykh hromad i hurtkiv Naddnipryanshchyny 70–80-kh rr. ХІХ st. [The figure of Taras Shevchenko in the activities of Ukrainian communities and circles of the Dnieper region in the 70-80s of the XIX century]. Naddnipryans'ka Ukrayina: istorychni protsesy, podiyi, postati [Dnieper Ukraine: historical processes, events, figures]. Vyp. 12. P. 51–70 [in Ukrainian].

64. Svitlenko, S. I. (2011). Postat' T. H. Shevchenka u zhytti ta diyal'nosti Ye. Kh. Chykalenka [The figure of Taras Shevchenko in the life and work of E. Kh. Chikalenko]. Naddnipryans'ka Ukrayina: istorychni protsesy, podiyi, postati [Dnieper Ukraine: historical processes, events, figures]. Vyp. 9. P. 45−53 [in Ukrainian].

65. Svitlenko, S. I. (2013). Postat' T. H. Shevchenka u tvorchiy spadshchyni M. P. Drahomanova [The figure of Taras Shevchenko in the creative heritage of Drahomanov.]. Problemy politychnoyi istoriyi Ukrayiny [Problems of political history of Ukraine]. Vyp. 8. P. 4−14 [in Ukrainian].

66. Svitlenko, S. I. (2014). Postat' T. H. Shevchenka u tvorchiy spadshchyni M. P. Drahomanova. (Zakinchennya) [The figure of Taras Shevchenko in the creative heritage of Drahomanov]. Problemy politychnoyi istoriyi Ukrayiny [Problems of political history of Ukraine]. Vyp. 9. P. 17−26 [in Ukrainian].

67. Synyavs'kyy, A. (1925). Deshcho pro Shevchenkovu movu. Sproba vyyasnyty dekotri sumnivni momenty Shevchenkovoyi vymovy [Something about Shevchenko's language. An attempt to clarify some dubious points of Shevchenko's pronunciation]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1−2 (Y). P. 100−114 [in Ukrainian].

68. (1911). Systematycheskyy ukazatel' zhurnala «Kyevskaya Staryna» (1882−1906 h.). Sostavlen Y. F. Pavlovskym y dr. Poltava. 201 p. [in Russia].

69. Stel'makh, S. (1989). Poshyrennya «Bukvarya Yuzhnorusskoho» T. H. Shevchenka u 60-kh rokakh ХІХ st. [Distribution of Taras Shevchenko's "Primer of South Russia" in the 60s of the XIX century]. Zbirnyk prats' dvadtsyat' s'omoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 142−148 [in Ukrainian].

70. Tuchaps'kyy, P. L. (1892). Shevchenkovi idealy i ukrayins'ka diysnist' [Shevchenko's ideals and Ukrainian reality]. Narod [Nation]. № 4. P. 56−58 [in Ukrainian].

71. F. Sirko. (1906). Taras Shevchenko i yoho dumky pro hromads'ke zhytye [Taras Shevchenko and his thoughts on public life]. L'viv. 102 p. [in Ukrainian].

72. Fedosov, L. P. (1964). Shevchenkivs'ki tradytsiyi v satyri I. S. Nechuya-Levyts'koho [Shevchenko's traditions in the satire of Nechuy-Levytsky]. Zbirnyk prats' dvanadtsyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Twelfth Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 226−240 [in Ukrainian].

73. Franko, I. (1925). Taras Shevchenko [Taras Shevchenko]. Ukrayina [Ukraine]. Kn. 1−2 (Ts). P. 6−9 [in Ukrainian].

74. Shabliovs'kyy, Ye. (1968). Shevchenko i Kostomarov [Shevchenko and Kostomarov]. Zbirnyk prats' p’yatnadtsyatoyi naukovoyi Shevchenkivs'koyi konferentsiyi [Proceedings of the Fifteenth Scientific Shevchenko Conference]. Kyyiv. P. 23−50 [in Ukrainian].