Alina Frusevych, Halyna Kotsur

Alina Frusevych

2nd-year student of Master's degree Department of Archival Studies and Special Historical Studies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-5443

Halyna Kotsur

Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Archival Studies and Special Branches of Historical Science, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-4248

DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2022.45.8


LIFE AND LEISURE OF WOMEN IN UKRAINE ON THE PAGES OF

THE JOURNAL «SOVIET WOMAN» (1965-1991)


Abstract. The purpose of the study is to outline the daily worries and concerns of women, as well as to highlight the ideal image of a Soviet woman, which appears in the pages of the magazine «Soviet Woman». The time frame of the study - 1965-1991. To solve this goal, the following methods are used: systems analysis, critical analysis, descriptive, historical-comparative, biographical, as well as methods of reconstruction, observation, and comparison.

The article provides brief information about the periodical «Soviet Woman» and its features. Based on the processed publications the information on leisure and the life of the Soviet women is revealed and allocated.

An attempt was made to reconstruct the image of the ideal Soviet woman, who combined a wife, a mother, a housewife, and a worker. Through the use of various information from different sections of the periodical, which related to life, motherhood, professional activities, family, leisure, appearance and fashion, everyday realities of women's lives, their domestic responsibilities to family and husband, was described the challenges and problems faced by women in everyday practice, as well information about the hobbies, skills, and preferences of different heroines.

It is emphasized that the propagated image of the Soviet woman in the USSR in 1965-1991 within the limits of ideological clichés differed from the realities of women's everyday life. Most of the publications were presented in the context of reflecting the role of women in building a socialist society. The magazine, like other publications of the time, helped to shape the image of a new, Soviet woman - a worker, activist, fighter for a bright future. Accordingly, a woman was required to have a different system of behavior, to change the hierarchy of values ​​in both public and family life.

Emphasis is made on the fact that the magazine «Soviet Woman» is an important historical source for the study of everyday life of Soviet women.

Researchers in various fields turned to the periodical «Soviet Woman», studying the magazine's transformation, gender aspects, Soviet fashion, the image of the Soviet woman, child protection in the USSR, but never viewed it as a comprehensive source on the history of everyday life of Soviet women in Ukraine.

The materials obtained from the study can be used in other studies, but with the involvement of a wide range of sources.

Key words: periodical, Soviet woman, everyday life, Soviet politics, ideal image, leisure.

Received by the editorial board: 4.10.2021

Download Full Text

REFERENCES:

  1. Alla. 28 rokiv. (1988).. Pidsumok chy novyy stan [The result or a new state]. Soviet woman, 9, 29 [in Ukrainian].

  2. Arkhypchuk, V. (1985). Pokhvalʹne slovo zbyracham [A word of praise to collectors]. Soviet woman, 6, 27 [in Ukrainian].

  3. Babych, I. (1977). Vidpochynok bez valizy [Rest without a suitcase]. Soviet woman, 7, 22 [in Ukrainian].

  4. Bykova, V. (1989). Modno i naryadno [Fashionable and elegant]. Beauty and comfort. Supplement to the magazine "Soviet Woman", 2, 16-17 [in Ukrainian].

  5. Bondarchuk, A. (1985). Susidy z vulytsya Radyansʹkoyi [Neighbors from Soviet Street]. Soviet woman, 11, 19 [in Ukrainian].

  6. Bulavina, H. (1982). Telefonistka [Telephone operator]. Soviet woman, 2, 9 [in Ukrainian].

  7. Hayduk, V., Yershova, L. (1988). Moye materynsʹke shchastya [My maternal happiness]. Soviet woman, 6, 12 [in Ukrainian].

  8. Halʹchenko, O. (1965). Domashnya aryfmetyka [Home arithmetic]. Mistresses of the mining town. Soviet woman, 6, 26 [in Ukrainian].

  9. Hrechanyuk, O. (1985). Velyka prannya – velykyy klopit? [Big laundry – a big trouble?]. Soviet woman, 4, 26 [in Ukrainian].

  10. Hrynchenko, V. (1965). Hospodarky shakhtarsʹkoho mista [Mistresses of the mining town]. Soviet woman, 5, 27 [in Ukrainian].

  11. Davydenko, E. (1982). Sim «YA» [Seven "I"]. Soviet woman, 1, 21 [in Ukrainian].

  12. Demura, K. (1985). Ratsionalʹno ta zruchno [Rational and convenient]. Soviet woman, 10, 31 [in Ukrainian].

  13. Denysenko H. (1986). Dyptykh pro poltavchanok [Diptych about Poltava women]. Soviet woman, 5, 3 [in Ukrainian].

  14. Dorohi podruhy! Ne zabudʹte peredplatyty na 1967 rik zhurnal «Radyansʹka zhinka» (1966) [Dear friends! Do not forget to subscribe to the 1967 magazine "Soviet Woman"]]. Soviet woman, 9, 32 [in Ukrainian].

  15. Yershova, L. (1988). Moye materynsʹke shchastya [My maternal happiness] Soviet woman, 6, 12 [in Ukrainian].

  16. Zaproshuyemo do podorozhi (1965). [We invite you to travel]. Soviet woman, 6, 24 [in Ukrainian].

  17. Zatyshni vikna. (1981). [Zatyshni vikna]. Soviet woman, 9, 28 [in Ukrainian].

  18. Zakharchenko ,V. (1985). Kotlety i… telefilʹm [Cutlets and… TV movie]. Soviet woman, 2, 28 [in Ukrainian].

  19. Zostavaytesya z namy. (1990). [Stay with us]. Soviet woman, 10, 24 [in Ukrainian].

  20. Zuyeva, L. (1977). Pravo zabezpechuyetʹsya [The right is provided]. Soviet woman, 8, 18 [in Ukrainian].

  21. Ivanchenko, N. (1982). Mama – malyar i deputat [Mother - painter and deputy]. Soviet woman, 10, 13 [in Ukrainian].

  22. Ivanchenko, N. (1981). U selakh dalekykh – yak u misti [In distant villages - as in the city]. Soviet woman, 8, 9 [in Ukrainian].

  23. Klymenko, M. (1979). Pereshyvayemo…[ We alter…]. Soviet woman, 2, 30 [in Ukrainian].

  24. Kovalʹchuk, O. O. (2019). Transformatsiya zhurnalu «Zhinka» u plyuralistychnomu demokratychnomu suspilʹstvi [Transformation of the magazine "Woman" in a pluralistic democratic society]: (Candidate’s of Science). 27.00.04. Kyi’v. 241 s. [in Ukrainian].

  25. Korniyenko, O. V. (2020). Fenomen mody: derzhavna polityka ta povsyakdenne zhyttya v Ukrayinsʹkiy RSR (1956-1985 rr) [he phenomenon of fashion: state policy and everyday life in the Ukrainian SSR (1956-1985]: (1734–1775)]: avtoref. dys. na zdobuttja nauk.stupenja kand. ist. nauk: 07.00.01. Kyi’v. 384 s. [in Ukrainian].

  26. Kryvchyk, H. H. (2001). Ukrayinsʹke selo pid vladoyu nomenklatury [Ukrainian village under the rule of the nomenclature]. Dnepropetrovsk: DSU Publishing House [in Ukrainian].

  27. Kuzʹmenko, YU., Ivanova, A. (2018). Moda ta dozvillya radyansʹkykh zhinok u 1960-19980-ti rr [Fashion and leisure of Soviet women in the 1960-19980s.]. Literatura ta kulʹtura Polissya. Seriya: Istorychni nauky [Literature and culture of Polissya. Series: Historical Sciences]. [in Ukrainian].

  28. Laas, N. Materialʹne povsyakdennya naselennya v ukrayinsʹkomu radyansʹkomu sotsiumi epokhy «zastoyu» (1965–1985 rr.). (2011). [Material everyday life of the population in the Ukrainian Soviet society of the epoch of "stagnation" (1965–1985)]. Ukrayina XX st.: kulʹtura, ideolohiya, polityka: Zb. st. [Ukraine of the XX century: culture, ideology, politics: Coll. Art.] [in Ukrainian].

  29. Lezhychka, H. Bo nas velychayutʹ radyansʹkymy zhinkamy. Yak pro ridnykh. (1981). [Because we are called Soviet women. How about relatives]. Soviet woman, 8, 3 [in Ukrainian].

  30. Lykova, T. (1981). My, Lykovy…[ We, Lykova…]. Soviet woman, 1, 20 [in Ukrainian].

  31. Loza, O. (1988). Defitsytne znayomstvo [Deficient acquaintance]. Soviet woman, 2, 30 [in Ukrainian].

  32. Loyko, E. (1982). I vidpochynok i vyprobuvannya [nd rest and trials]. Soviet woman, 11, 29 [in Ukrainian].

  33. Mʺyakokhod, L. L. (2011). Obraz zhinky periodu khrushchovsʹkoyi "vidlyhy" na storinkakh zhurnalu "Radyansʹka zhinka" [he image of a woman of the Khrushchev period "thaw" in the pages of the magazine "Soviet Woman"]. Science. Religion. Society, 2, 82-87 [in Ukrainian].

  34. Manucharova, N. (1965). Shpalery v kvartyri [Wallpaper in the apartment]. Soviet woman, 1, 23 [in Ukrainian].

  35. Marynina, H. (1973). Odnoselʹtsi [Fellow villagers]. Soviet woman, 8, 17 [in Ukrainian].

  36. Makhinchuk, M. (1980). Svoyeridnyy ekzamen [A kind of exam]. Soviet woman, 1, 1 [in Ukrainian].

  37. Melʹnychenko, O. (1986). Simeynyy obid v restorani [Family dinner in a restaurant]. Soviet woman, 6, 20 [in Ukrainian].

  38. Melʹnychenko, O. (1982). Khay mamy ne turbuyutʹsya [Let mothers not worry]. Soviet woman, 1, 24 [in Ukrainian].

  39. Mityuchenko, Z. (1970). I pratsya, i pisnya [And work and song]. Soviet woman, 7, 3 [in Ukrainian].

  40. Mishchenko, YE. (1984). Naybilʹshyy u respublitsi [The largest in the republic]. Soviet woman, 5, 25 [in Ukrainian].

  41. Muzychka, M. Obraz idealʹnoyi domohospodarky v SRSR [The image of the ideal housewife in the USSR]. Retrieved from http://www.istpravda.com.ua/research/4d3340f6bad25/ [in Ukrainian].

  42. Nikolayev, V. G. (2002). Sovetskaya ochered' kak sreda obitaniya: sotsiologicheskiy analiz [soviet turn as a habitat: sociological analysis]. M.: INION RAN [in Russian]

  43. Nikitina, N. (1974). Namet bilya richky [Tent by the river]. Soviet woman, 7, 26-27 [in Ukrainian].

  44. Nosova, A. (1982). Badʹoristʹ na vse zhyttya [Vigor for life]. Soviet woman, 9, 27 [in Ukrainian].

  45. Nosova, A. (1985) Vybyrayemo obnovu [Choosing an update]. Soviet woman, 2, 31 [in Ukrainian].

  46. Opanasenko, O. (1990). Hurtozhytok – rozluchnyk, abo kokhannya za rozkladom [Dormitory – divorcee, or love on schedule]. Soviet woman, 6, 20 [in Ukrainian].

  47. Opanasenko, O. (1984). Doblestʹ materi, turbota Vitchyzny [The valor of the mother, the care of the Fatherland]. Soviet woman, 7, 17 [in Ukrainian].

  48. Padalka, I., Ivanov, L. (1986). Vid choho v domi dobre? [What is good in the house?]. Soviet woman, 12, 6-7 [in Ukrainian].

  49. Partem, M. (1980). Na zemli dorohiy i ridniy [On the dear and native land]. Soviet woman, 10, 13 [in Ukrainian].

  50. Poda, O. Yu. (2010). Gender markers in the titles of publications of the magazine "Soviet woman" (second half of the 1940s – 1980s) [Gender markers in the titles of publications of the magazine "Soviet woman" (second half of the 1940s – 1980s)]. Collection of works of the research center of periodicals. M. M. Romanyuk (Ed.). Lviv [in Ukrainian]

  51. Poda, O. Yu. Heroyinya chasu v zhurnali «Radyansʹka zhinka» 50-kh rr. KHKH st.: henderni elementy v tematychnomu poli biohrafiyi [The heroine of time in the magazine "Soviet woman" of the 50s of the XX century: gender elements in the thematic field of biography]. Retrieved from http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_Gum/Dtr/gn/2008_4/files/GN_04_2008_Poda.pdf

  52. Polukhina, YE. (1979). Zruchno, harno [Convenient, beautiful]. Soviet woman, 2, 31 [in Ukrainian].

  53. Prykhodʹko, S. (1981). Osinnye vbrannya oselʹ [Autumn home outfit]. Soviet woman, 10, 31 [in Ukrainian].

  54. Rybnykhov, YU. (1985). Monoloh chuynoho cholovika [Monologue of a sensitive man]. Soviet woman, 3, 28 [in Ukrainian].

  55. Rovna, T. (1985). Zhintsi elehantnoho viku [Women of elegant age]. Soviet woman, 3, 30 [in Ukrainian].

  56. Romanyuk, L. (1988). Chy potribni doyarkam svyata? [Do milkmaids need a holiday?]. Soviet woman, 1, 8-10 [in Ukrainian].

  57. Rudkivsʹka, N. (1981). Dochky [Daughters]. Soviet woman, 10, 21 [in Ukrainian].

  58. Skorobahatʹko, L. (1970). A yak u vas? [And how are you?]. Soviet woman, 7, 23 [in Ukrainian].

  59. Slaboshpytsʹkyy, M. (1984). Try etyudy z odnoho zhyttya [Three sketches from one life]. Soviet woman, 10, 25 [in Ukrainian].

  60. Snihur, A. (1980). «Rozumna» pralya [Smart" laundry]. Soviet woman, 2, 22 [in Ukrainian].

  61. O. G., Bazhan et al.(2014). Sotsialʹni transformatsiyi v Ukrayini: pizniy stalinizm i khrushchovsʹka doba [Social transformations in Ukraine: late Stalinism and the Khrushchev era:]. N. O. Laas (Еd.) & V. M Danilenko (Еd.). Kyiv: Institute of History of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].

  62. Spychka, V. (1988). Z nadiyeyu. Zhytlo na prokat [With hope. Housing for rent]. Soviet woman, 12, 8 [in Ukrainian].

  63. Stepanyshyn, B. (1990). Sprobuyte i vy…[ Try and you]. Soviet woman, 9, 18 [in Ukrainian].

  64. Stepanyuk, H. (1982). Moroz i sontse… [ Frost and the sun…]. Soviet woman, 3, 25 [in Ukrainian].

  65. Stefanovych, A. (1986). Meta, varta zusylʹ [Purpose, worth the effort]. Soviet woman, 6, 6-7 [in Ukrainian].

  66. Styazhkina, O. (2010). Henderni vymiry radyansʹkoyi povsyakdennosti 1960–1980-kh rokiv [Gender dimensions of Soviet everyday life in 1960-1980]. Local lore, 3, 218 [in Ukrainian].

  67. Styazhkina, O. V. (2002). Zhinky v istoriyi ukrayinsʹkoyi kulʹtury druhoyi polovyny KHKH stolittya [Women in the history of Ukrainian culture of the second half of the twentieth century]. Donetsk: Eastern Publishing House, 270 p.

  68. Styazhkina, O. V. (2013). Lyudyna v radyansʹkiy provintsiyi: osvoyennya (vid)movy [an in the Soviet province: mastering (from) the language]. Donetsk, 295 p.

  69. Tyshchenko, YU. A. (2016). Zhurnal "Radyansʹka zhinka" yak dzherelo do vyvchennya derzhavnoyi polityky v sferi okhorony dytynstva v URSR (1965-1985 rr.) [Journal "Soviet woman" as a source for studying the state policy in the field of childhood protection in the USSR (1965-1985)]. Young scientist, 176-182.

  70. Tkachenko, ZH. (1965). Yak vas obsluhovuyutʹ [How you are served]. Soviet woman, 3, 26 [in Ukrainian].

  71. Todchuk, O. (1989). Dvi radosti moyi y nadiyi [Two joys of mine and hopes]. Soviet woman, 1, 1 [in Ukrainian].

  72. Udovychenko, YE. (1986). Nevhamovna Strakhova [Nevgamovna Strakhova]. Soviet woman, 8, 8-9 [in Ukrainian].

  73. Central State Archive of Public Associations in Ukraine, f. 1, op. 70, file no. 2385, p. 7

  74. Tsymbalyuk, O. (2020). Normy ta anomaliyi mody periodu «rozvynenoho» sotsializmu [Norms and anomalies of fashion of the period of "developed" socialism]. Scientific notes. Series: History: a collection of scientific papers. O. A. Melnichuk (Ed). Vinnytsia: "WORKS". [in Ukrainian].

  75. Shanovni podruhy! Ne zabudʹte peredplatyty sviy zhurnal «Radyansʹka zhinka» (1971). [Dear friends! Don't forget to subscribe to your magazine "Soviet Woman"]. Soviet woman, 9, 17 [in Ukrainian].

  76. Shevchenko, V. (1985). V yedynim stroyu budivnychim [In a single system of construction]. Soviet woman, 3, 1 [in Ukrainian].

  77. Shedryna, V. (1972). Dumka batʹkiv [Opinion of parents]. Soviet woman, 5, 12 [in Ukrainian].

  78. Sherepenko, P. (1981). Zdorovʺya bez likiv [Health without drugs]. Soviet woman, 5, 27 [in Ukrainian].

  79. Shylo, H. (1986). Lyudy zakokhanni v zhyttya, abo dumky pro dozvillya [People in love with life, or thoughts about leisure]. Soviet woman, 6, 18 [in Ukrainian].

  80. Shylo, H. (1975). Nash vilʹnyy chas [Our free time]. Soviet woman, 9, 13 [in Ukrainian].

  81. Shkoda, V. (1975). Obid za 30 khvylyn [Lunch in 30 minutes]. Soviet woman, 9, 28 [in Ukrainian].

  82. Shushyrina, L. (1982). Pislya vesillya [After the wedding]. Soviet woman, 9, 19 [in Ukrainian].

  83. Shcho take suchasnyy interʺyer? (1967). [What is a modern interior?]. Soviet woman, 9, 30 [in Ukrainian].