Yuriy Figurnyi
Candidate of Historical Sciences,
Head of the Department of Ukrainian Ethnology of the Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies
of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-0920
Oksana Vysoven
Doctor of Historical Sciences,
Associate Professor of the Department of History and Culture of Ukraine and Special Historical Disciplines
of the Hryhoriy Skovoroda University in Pereyaslav
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-2301
Valentyna Molotkina
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor,
Head of the Department of History and Culture of Ukraine and Special Historical Disciplines
of the Hryhoriy Skovoroda University in Pereyaslav
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-5927
DОІ: 10.17721/2522-4611.2022.46.3
HETMAN IVAN MAZEPA'S STATE-BUILDING ACTIVITY: PAST AND PRESENT
The aim of the study is to analyze the state activity of Hetman Ivan Mazepa and transform his image into one of the most important symbols of Ukrainian ethno-nation-building during the XVIII-XX centuries, which affect the development of the Ukrainian state in the XXI century. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics with the use of comparative-historical, retrospective and biographical methods. The scientific novelty of intelligence is that by studying the issues we announced, which, unfortunately, stays away from the vast majority of conceptual analytical developments dedicated to I. Mazepa, we can convincingly prove that he is one of the leading symbols of Ukrainian statehood. Conclusions. It was revealed that the state-building activity of Hetman Ivan Mazepa had both achievements and failures. The positives include: 1) most importantly, the attempt to free the Hetmanate from the yoke of Moscow; 2) great cultural and educational activities of Mazepa; 3) the Ukrainian state issue became widely known in Europe, thanks to the hetman and his successor Philip Orlyk; 4) Mazepa's contradictory spirit nurtured, aroused the desire of Ukrainians for freedom and independence and, finally, became one of the prominent symbols of the Ukrainian ethno-national state-building process. As for the negatives, these are first of all: 1) Mazepa's unsuccessful socio-economic policy and its reliance only on a rather narrow and limited stratum of Ukrainian society - officers and wealthy clergy, neglect of the interests of ordinary Cossacks, bourgeoisie and peasantry; 2) ignoring new trends in contemporary European military art; 3) poor preparation and lack of anti-Moscow uprising; 4) inflated hopes for the Swedish allies and lack of faith in their own military-state potential. It was found that despite Ivan Mazepa's own achievements and defeats, the hetman's state-building activity eventually transformed into one of the most important symbols of national state-building, nation-building and ethnoculture during the XVIII-XX centuries. art., first of all, during the undeclared Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war, especially after 24.02. 2022, when the full-scale invasion of the Russian Armed Forces on the territory of Ukraine began.
Key words: Ivan Mazepa, Hetmanate, Ukrainian Cossacks, state formation.
Received by the editorial board: 7.05.2022
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