48/10. Oleksandr Repiashnyk
Oleksandr Repiashnyk
Master’s student, Faculty of History,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
Kyiv, Ukraine
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2503-3754
DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2023.48.10
UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION IN GERMANY (2014-2023)
The article, based on journalistic materials of the mass media, examines the situation of Ukrainian emigration to Germany in the period from 2014 to September 2023.The relevance refers to the fact that the demographic issue in Ukraine has become acute, and Germany is the second EU country with the largest number of Ukrainian refugees. There has been determined an approximate number of Ukrainians living in German territories in September 2023, whose contribution to the further development of both states is enormous. There are a few interesting aspects for research such as socio-cultural, economic, political etc. They provide insight into further trends of Ukrainian emigration in Germany. The purpose of the article is to represent comprehensive coverage of the key aspects and trends of Ukrainian emigration to Germany in the period from 2014 to September 2023. In result, nowadays Germany is a priority country for Ukrainian citizens seeking asylum because of Russian-Ukrainian war. There are several reasons for this, the most important of which is good social security. It is emphasized that Germany continues to enjoy popularity among the Ukrainian emigration, even despite a number of obstacles, such as language barrier, bureaucratization of many routine processes, housing rent, etc.
Given the challenges faced by the author in this research, it was decided to use general scientific (analysis, induction) and special historical (systemic, comparative, retrospective, etc.) methods.
Finally, the article analyzes and systematizes materials related to Ukrainian emigration to Germany in the period from 2014 to September 2023. It also identifies the peculiarities of the development of migration processes, represents the conditions offered to the Ukrainian refugees by the German government and clarifies Ukrainian emigrants’ attitudes towards their further stay in Germany.
Key words: Ukrainian emigration, Ukrainian refugees, Russian-Ukrainian war, migration processes, integration processes, demography.
Received by the editorial board: 1.10.2023.
REFERENCES
Bondarenko, V. H. (2014). «Tretia khvylia» ukrainskoi emigratsii i vilnokozatskyi rukh u 1945-1952 rr. [The “third wave’’of Ukrainian emigration and the free Cossack movement in 1945 – 1952]. Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakultetu Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu [Scholary Works of the Faculty of History, Zaporizhzhhya National University]. Zaporizhzhia, XXXVII, 199-202 [in Ukrainian].
Burim, D. V. (2012). Dzherela z istorii ukrainskoi emigratsii v Nimechchyni u fondakh Arkhivu Federalnoi zemli Berlin [Sources on the history of Ukrainian emigration in Germany in the funds of the Archives of the Federal Land of Berlin]. Istorychnyi arkhiv [Historical archive]. Mykolaiv, 2012, 9, 143-157 [in Ukrainian].
Dopomoha ukrainskym bizhentsiam u Nimechchyni: rozmir vyplat u 2023 rotsi [Assistance to Ukrainian refugees in Germany: amount of payments in 2023]. URL: https://fakty.com.ua/ua/ukraine/suspilstvo/20221209-dopomoga-ukrayinskym-bizhenczyam-u-nimechchyni-rozmir-vyplat-u-2023-roczi/ [in Ukrainian].
Kryvets, N. V. (2009) Natsionalno-kulturna diialnist ukrainskoi emigratsii v Nimechchyni v 20-30-ti rr. XX st. [National and cultural activity of the Ukrainian emigration in Germany in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century]. Mizhnarodni zviazky Ukrainy: naukovi poshuky i znakhidky [International relations of Ukraine: scientific research and findings]. Kyiv, 18, 201-214. URL: http://history.org.ua/LiberUA/Book/minzv/17.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Kuzina, N. V. (2020). Pressa ukrainskoi emigratsii u povoiennii Nimechchyni (1945-1948 rr.) yak dzherelo do vyvchennia istoriko-kulturnoi spadshchyny ukrainskoi diaspori [The press of the Ukrainian emigration in post-war Germany (1945-1948) as a source for studying the historical and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian diaspora]. Etnichna istoriia narodiv Yevropy [Ethnic history of the peoples of Europe]. Kyiv, 55-61. URL: https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.61.06 [in Ukrainian].
Kucher, V. (2006). Z istorii diialnosti Ukrainskoho naukovoho instytutu v Berlini ta Ukrainskoho vilnoho universytetu v Miunheni [From the history of the activity of the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Berlin and the Ukrainian Free University in Munich]. Istoriia nauky i biohrafistyka [History of science and biography]. Elektronne naukove fakhove vydannia – mizhvidomchyi tematychnyi zbirnyk. Kyiv. URL: https://inb.dnsgb.com.ua/2006-1/06kvinib.html [in Ukrainian].
Maizhe polovyna ukrainskykh bizhentsiv khochut nadolho zalyshytys v Nimechchyni opytuvannia [Almost half of the Ukrainian refugees want to stay in Germany for a long period of time, relating to the survey]. URL: https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/2036561-mayzhe-polovina-ukrayinskikh-bizhentsiv-khochut-nadovgo-zalishitis-v-nimechchini-opituvannya [in Ukrainian].
Maruniak, V. (1985). Ukrainska emihratsiia v Nimechchyni i Avstrii po druhii svitovii viini [The Ukrainian emigration in Germany and Austria after World War II]: v 2 t. Miunkhen: Akademichne Vydavnytstvo d-ra Petra Beleia. T. 1: RoKy 1945-1951, 405 [in Ukrainian].
Maruniak, V. (1985). Ukrainska emihratsiia v Nimechchyni i Avstrii po druhii svitovii viini [The Ukrainian emigration in Germany and Austria after World War II]: v 2 t. Miunkhen: Akademichne Vydavnytstvo d-ra Petra Beleia. T. 2: RoKy 1952-1975, 126 [in Ukrainian].
Nimechchynu nazvaly naigirshoiu kraYinoiu v sviti dlia prozhyvannia emihrantiv – doslidzhennia [Germany was called the worst country in the world for emigrants to live in – research]. URL: https://www.unn.com.ua/uk/news/2020126-nimechchinu-nazvali-naygirshoyu-krayinoyu-v-sviti-dlya-prozhivannya-emigrantiv-doslidzhennya [in Ukrainian].
Panchenko, T. V. (2019). Osoblyvosti mihratsiinoho rukhu ukrainTsiv do Nimechchyny ta perspektyvy yoho rozvytku [Peculiarities of the migration movement of the Ukrainians to Germany and prospects for its development]. Stratehichna panorama [Strategic panorama]. Kyiv, 1-2, 37-51 [in Ukrainian].
Piskun, V. Kulturna ta naukova diialnist ukrainskykh emihrantiv u Nimechchyni (1920 – 1930-ti roky) [Cultural and scientific activities of the Ukrainian emigrants in Germany (1920s-1930s)]. URL: https://www.ukrainianhistoryportal. org/uk/themenmodule/deutschland-und-die-ukraine-in-den-1920er-und-1930er-jahren/ukrainische-kultur-und-wissenschaft-in-der-emigration/ [in Ukrainian].
ReHensbur, H. (1985). Statti – spohady – dokumenty do istorii ukrainskoi emihratsii v Nimechchyni pislia Druhoi svitovoi viini 1945-1949 [Articles, memories and documents on the history of Ukrainian emigration in Germany after the Second World War 1945 – 1949] / Za red. O. Kushnira. Niu-Iork: Naukove Tovarystvo im. Shevchenka, 684 [in Ukrainian].
Skoreiko, H., Yavorska, I. (2013). Nimetska emihratsiia z SRsR ta Ukrainy u druhii polovyni XX st. – na pochatku XXI st.: etapy, potoky, struktura [German emigration from the USSR and Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century – at the beginning of the 21st century: stages, flows, structure]. Visnyk Prykarpatskoho universytetu [Scientific journal of Precarpathian University]. Istoriia. Ivano-Frankivsk: Vydavnytstvo Prykarpatskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Vasylia Stefanyka, 23-24. URL: http://surl.li/mlnsk [in Ukrainian].
U Nimechchyni zaiavyly, shcho vycherpaly mozhlyvosti pryimaty bizhentsiv z Ukrainy [In Germany, they declared that they had exhausted the possibilities of accepting refugees from Ukraine]. URL: https://www.unian.ua/world/mozhlivosti-frn-priymati-bizhenciv-z-ukrajini-na-mezhi-12100386.html [in Ukrainian].
Ukrainski bizhentsi otrymuiut bilshhe hroshei. [The Ukrainian refugees in Germany receive more money]. URL: http://surl.li/mpqor [in Ukrainian].
Ukrainski bizhentsi PereizdzhaIut iz Polshi do Nimechchyny. Polska vlada sprobuvala ziasuvaty prychynu [The Ukrainian refugees move from Poland to Germany. The Polish authorities tried to find out the reason]. URL: https://suspilne.media/571879-ukrainski-bizenci-pereizdzaut-iz-polsi-do-nimeccini-polska-vlada-sprobuvala-zasuvati-pricinu/ [in Ukrainian].
Ukrainski bizhentsi u Nimechchyni: khto pratsiue i skilky otrymuie [The Ukrainian refugees in Germany: who works and how much they get]. URL: https://www.dw.com/uk/ukrainski-bizenci-u-nimeccini-hto-pracue-i-skilki-zaroblae/a-66441311 [in Ukrainian].
Ukrainski u Nimechchyni: rozporoshena diaspora [Ukrainians in Germany: scattered diaspora]. URL: http://surl.li/lnivx [in Ukrainian].
Ukrainskiv u FRN pobilshalo v sim raziv: yak buty z bizhentsiamy? [Ukrainians in Germany increased sevenfold: what to do with refugees?]. URL: https://www.dw.com/uk/kilkist-ukrainciv-u-frn-zrosla-v-sim-raziv-so-robiti-z-bizencami/a-64740338 [in Ukrainian].