Yehor Zhurkin
PhD student of Faculty of history,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
Kyiv,Ukraine
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-5473
DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2024.50.10
MASS MEDIA ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CIVIL SOCIETY IN UKRAINE (1990-2004)
Relevance of the study. The restoration of Ukraine's independence has necessitated the formation of a full-fledged civil society. Civil society implies the existence of various institutions that are not directly related to state structures and allow citizens and their associations to pursue their interests and initiatives. The institutionalization of civil society is based on the voluntary activities of citizens who can act as intermediaries between society and the state. Political parties, mass media, public organizations, and non-governmental organizations are civil society institutions. The article examines the media as an important civil society institution. Studying the activities of the media as civil society institutions is an important component of understanding the Ukrainian political, socio-cultural and economic dynamics of society. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of approaches to media coverage through the prism of the impact of non-state media on the development of civil society.
The purpose of the article is to study the impact of mass media on the formation and development of civil society in Ukraine in 1990-2004. Research methods and methodology. The methodological basis of the study was a wide range of methods of knowledge of science. The synergistic method was used to distinguish non-state media like an institution of civil society. The dialectical method was used to formulate the conceptual and categorical apparatus, as well as the very concept of private media and their functional purpose. Based on the historical method, the author examines theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of the emergence and development of media in the system of interaction between public authorities, private structures and civil institution. The methods of deduction and induction were employed to justify the concept of non-state media as a component of civil society, as well as to define their categories, functions, and operational principles.
The results of the study show that the media play a key role in the formation and development of civil societyby providing citizens with access to crucial information, shaping public opinion and political consciousness, and encouraging active participation in public life in Ukraine from 1990 to 2004. The findings of the study demonstrate that the media, as an important institution of civil society, significantly influence the formation of public opinion, political consciousness and the position of Ukrainian citizens on state-building processes through participation in election campaigns, journalistic investigations, and impartial coverage of information. This contributes to the development of civic consciousness and a democratic mechanism of interaction between society and the state.
Key words: mass media, civil society, civil society institutions, state-building processes, non-governmental organizations, democratic mechanism.
Received by the editorial board: 19.08.2024.
REFERENCES
Boichuk, I. V. (2013). Vplyv zasobiv masovoi informatsii (ZMI) na uchast hromadian Ukrainy u vyborchykh kampaniiakh [The influence of mass media on the participation of Ukrainian citizens in election campaigns]. State and Law. Legal and Political Sciences, 59, Kyiv, 546-553 [іn Ukrainian].
Boichuk, I. (2014). Pravova rehlamentatsiia funktsionuvannia zasobiv masovoi informatsii v Ukraini [Legal regulation of the functioning of mass media in Ukraine]. Scientific Information Bulletin "Law", Kyiv, 143-148 [іn Ukrainian].
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1992). Pro drukovani zasoby masovoi informatsii (presu) v Ukraini. Zakon Ukrainy vid 16.11.1992 №2783-KhI [On printed mass media (press) in Ukraine Law of Ukraine of 16.11.1992 No. 2783-XII]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2782-12#Text [іn Ukrainian].
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1992). Pro informatsiiu. Zakon Ukrainy vid 02.10.1992 r. №2658-KhII [About information. Law of Ukraine of 02.10.1992 No. 2658-XII]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2657-12#Text [іn Ukrainian].
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1996). Konstytutsiia Ukrainy. Zakon Ukrainy vid 28.06.1996 r. № 254k/96-VR. [Constitution of Ukraine. Law of Ukraine of 28.06.1996 No. 254k/96-VR]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ 254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text [іn Ukrainian].
Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy [Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]. URL: https://www.rada.gov.ua/ [іn Ukrainian].
Dubov, D. (2007). Zasoby masovoi informatsii yak yakisno novi subiekty politychnykh komunikatsii [Mass media as qualitatively new subjects of political communications]. Political Management, 1, 57-65 [іn Ukrainian].
Kolodii, A. F. (2002). Na shliakhu do hromadianskoho suspilstva. Teoretychni zasady y sotsiokulturni peredumovy demokratychnoi transformatsii v Ukraini. [On the way to civil society. Theoretical foundations and socio-cultural prerequisites for democratic transformation in Ukraine] Monograph. Chervona Kalyna, 276 [іn Ukrainian].
Kresina, I. (2013). Derzhava i hromadianske suspilstvo [State and civil society]. State and Law, 62, 378-383 [іn Ukrainian].
Liubchenko, P. (2010). Zasoby masovoi informatsii yak strukturnyi element hromadianskoho suspilstva ta yikh vplyv na mistseve samovriaduvannia [Mass media as a structural element of civil society and their influence on local self-government]. Constitutional Law Issues, 1, 68-77 [іn Ukrainian].
Moroz, N. O. (2012). Rol zasobiv masovoi informatsii u formuvanni hromadianskoho suspilstva v Ukraini [The role of mass media in the formation of civil society in Ukraine]. Humanitarian Journal, 2-3, 205-210 [іn Ukrainian].
Onyshchenko, O. (2002). Hromadianske suspilstvo: tendentsii stanovlennia [Civil society: trends of formation]. Science and Society, 1-2, 6-10 [іn Ukrainian].
Survey. (2001, October 1). [Fond «Demokratychni initsiatyvy» im. Ilka Kucheriva]. Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation. URL: https://dif.org.ua/category/opinion-polls/filtered [іn Ukrainian].
Pohorila, L. P. (2013). Stvorennia nederzhavnykh ZMI – shliakh do demokratychnoho postupu derzhavy [The creation of non-state mass media as a way to the democratic progress of the state]. Ninth Legal Readings. Political and legal reform in Ukraine: history, present, prospects: May 24-25. NPU named after M. P. Dragomanov, 141-144 [іn Ukrainian].
Pohorila, L. (2014). Nederzhavni zasoby masovoi informatsii yak yevropeiska tradytsiia vzaiemovidnosyn suspilstva i derzhavy [Non-state mass media as a European tradition of the relationship between society and the state]. State and Law, 64, 74-81 [іn Ukrainian].
Pohorila, L. (2015). Nederzhavni zasoby masovoi informatsii yak instytut hromadianskoho suspilstva (teoretyko-pravovyi aspekt): avtoreferat [Non-state mass media as an institution of civil society (theoretical and legal aspect). Abstract], 22 [іn Ukrainian].
Postol, O. Y. (2016). Hromadianske suspilstvo yak subiekt formuvannia systemy publichnoho upravlinnia. Publichne upravlinnia ta administruvannia v umovakh informatsiinoho suspilstva: vitchyznianyi i zarubizhnyi dosvid [Civil society as a subject of the formation of the public administration system. Public administration and administration in the information society: domestic and foreign experience]. monograph. Zaporizhzhya State Engineering Academy [іn Ukrainian].
Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation. (2012, May 31). Sotsiolohy za doviroiu v suspilstvi posily druhe mistse pislia tserkvy. Vodnochas yim ukraintsi doviriaiut bilshe, nizh politykam i ZMI. [Sociologists took second place in terms of trust in society after the church. At the same time, Ukrainians trust them more than politicians and the media]. URL: https://dif.org.ua/article/sotsiologi-za-doviroyu-v-suspilstvi-posili-druge-mistse-pislya-tserkvi-vodnochas-im-ukraintsi-doviryayut-bilshe-nizh-politikam-i-zmi [іn Ukrainian].
Den Newspaper (2000, April 19). Ukrainu chekaie konstytutsiina kryza? [Ukraine faces a constitutional crisis?]. URL: https://day.kyiv.ua/article/den-planety/ukrayinu-chekaye-konstytutsiyna-kryza [іn Ukrainian].
Ukrainian Pravda Newspaper. (2000, April 19). Ukraintsi pidtrymaly posylennia vlady Kuchmy [Ukrainians supported strengthening Kuchma's power]. URL: https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2000/04/19/2980667/ [іn Ukrainian].
Den Newspaper. (2000, April 13). Vykhovannia referendumom [Education by referendum]. URL: https://day.kyiv.ua/article/podrobytsi/vykhovannya-referendumom [іn Ukrainian].