Viktor Adobash
postgraduate of the Department of
History and Culture of Ukraine
and Special Historical Disciplines,
Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav,
Pereiaslav, Ukraine
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-1187
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2024.49.18
DIRECTIONS OF EDUCATIONAL WORK IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE USSR 1985-1991 THROUGH THE PRISM OF SOVIET VALUES
In the Soviet Union, school education institutions were entrusted with important tasks of educational work. One of the key tasks of the educational system of the Soviet school was the formation of a Soviet citizen, a conscious builder of communism, a bearer of the ideas of socialism.
The purpose of the publication is to analyze the main directions of educational work in secondary schools of the Ukrainian SSR in 1985-1991 through the prism of Soviet values. To solve the set goal, the principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity were applied, the use of the logical method helped to generalize the strategy of educational work in secondary schools, to clarify the state's expectations of its results; descriptive and analytical methods made it possible to single out the most characteristic areas of educational activity in schools.
Education in the USSR has always been a powerful tool for influencing the masses and a means of educating Soviet citizens. In the organization of the educational process of the schools of the Ukrainian SSR, a comprehensive approach combining the educational component and ideological education of pupils was considered the most effective. It was believed that this approach had an effect on increasing their success rate, contributed to general activation, the formation of a civic position, and patriotism.
Among the directions of educational work in the Soviet school, which were supposed to ensure the comprehensive and harmonious development of pupils, the Ministry of Education of the USSR defined: ideological and political, moral, labor, patriotic, international, aesthetic education. The successful implementation of educational tasks was associated with the professional training of teachers, who were not only supposed to carry out educational work, but also to be an example of communist morality and behavior. The content of the educational work was implemented through the materials of educational programs, educational literature, the holding of relevant events, and the involvement of pupils in civic and labor activities. The school education system of the Ukrainian SSR was supposed to form a conscious Soviet citizen, a patriot of the USSR state with an international orientation, oriented to specific labor activities for the benefit of the homeland.
Key words: secondary school, educational work, USSR, perestroika, liberalization, Soviet values.
Received by the editorial board: 3.01.2024.
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