Viktor Tkachenko
Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Research Fellow,
Leading Research Fellow of the National Historical and Ethnographic
Reserve «Pereyaslav».
Pereyaslav, Ukraine
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6741-3430
DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2025.51.6
FILLING THE «EASTER BASKET» IN THE 1920S: REGIONAL AND LOCAL FEATURES
The article examines the customs and ritual traditions of Ukrainians in the 1920s, related to the preparation and celebration of Easter. The research was based on materials from the Archival Scientific Funds of Manuscripts and Phonorecords of the M. T. Rylsky Institute of Art History, Folklore and Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. For their processing and preparation of the publication, the principles of historicism, objectivity and continuity were used, while at the same time the methods of search, systematization, analysis of the obtained data and their generalization were applied.
It is established that in the specified years, despite the pressure of the Bolshevik authorities on the peasantry regarding religious beliefs, the celebration of religious holidays and the ban on the church as an institution, the existence of folk customs and ritual traditions related, in particular, to Easter and the preparation of various dishes for it has been confirmed. It is noted that the materials were sent to the address of the Ethnographic Commission of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which operated in Ukraine in the 1920s. During the study of archival manuscripts, documents were discovered that present the territory of a significant territory of Ukraine. It is confirmed that for Ukrainians, regardless of their place of residence (whether in the Starobil region, the Kyiv region, or the Vinnytsia region), it is characteristic to prepare common dishes for consecration on Easter, such as pasok, pysanky, krashanky, horseradish, sausages, meat, etc. The beliefs, customs and traditions associated with it were also largely common. It turned out that there were certain local differences in the preparation for the holiday. For example, not everywhere only ceremonial bread was called «paska». In some places, all dishes prepared for consecration were called so. It was also recorded that in some villages, priests performed the rite of consecration of Easter dishes at home (for a separate fee).
Thus, the studied documents show that, despite the active struggle of the Bolsheviks with religion, the ban on the celebration of religious holidays, the population supported the celebration of Easter.
Key words: Podillia, Kyi13v region, Starobilsk, archive, Easter, pysanka, customs, rituals, beliefs.
Received by the editorial board: 24.03.2025.
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