50/6. Eduard Semeshyn
Eduard Semeshyn
Master of History,
Romny, Ukraine
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-203X
DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2024.50.6
STALIN'S REPRESSIONS AGAINST OPPOSITION SUPPORTERS IN THE SUMY REGION
(ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROMNY DISTRICT)
Abstract. The article analyzes several archival and criminal cases of repressed teachers (mainly P. P. Pavlyuchenko and K. F. Savytskyi) who were arrested as supporters of the opposition (L. Trotskyi, L. Kamenev and G. Zinoviev). These cases reveal the methods of investigation by NKVD officers in the territory of the current Romny district of Sumy region. The research aims to analyze the criminal cases of several repressed teachers in the 1930s in the Romny region by studying the protocols of interrogation of witnesses and defendants. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the fact that for the first time a separate study was published to cover political repressions against teachers in the territory of the present-day Romny district who were accused of sympathizing with the opposition. Also, for the first time, an attempt was made to study the archival and criminal case of K.F. Savytskyi, who served as the first secretary of the Romny District Party Committee. The methodological basis for the study is the principles of historicism, objectivism, a combination of systemic and regional approaches aimed at scientific and critical analysis of a set of historical sources. Conclusions. On the example of several archival criminal cases of repressed persons, we can trace certain specifics of the work of punitive bodies. One of the main points of accusation in almost all cases of the repressed was their unwillingness to expose “enemies of the people” or connections with such enemies. Witnesses in the cases were people who may have been interested in exposing the “enemies” for their own reasons or who testified under pressure (including physical pressure) from NKVD officers.
Key words: the Great Terror, repressions against educators, Trotskyism, Kazymyr Savytskyi.
Received by the editorial board: 31.08.2024.
REFERENCES
1. Babiukh, V. A. (2007). Diialnist politychnoi tsenzury yak forma ideolohichnoho kontroliu v Ukraini (1920-1930-ti rr.) [Activity of political censorship as a form of ideological control in Ukraine (1920s-1930s)]. History of Ukraine. Little-known names, events, facts, 34 [іn Ukrainian].
2. Vovk, O. V. (2012). Represii proty intelihentsii na Sumshchyni u 20-30-kh rokakh KhKh stolittia [Repressions against the intelligentsia in the Sumy region in the 20-30s of the twentieth century]. Sumskyi istoryko-arkhivnyi zhurnal [Sumy Historical and Archival Journal], 16 – 17 [іn Ukrainian].
3. Hluskin, M. (1935). Rotozii z Romenskoho VPK [Rotoziy from the Romen VPK]. Komunist [Communist], August 10 [In Ukrainian].
4. Horburov, K. (2012). Boleslav Skarbek-Shatskyi (1888-1934): malovidoma biohrafiia lidera «polskoi komunistychnoi roboty» v URSR [Bolesław Skarbek-Szacki (1888-1934): a little-known biography of the leader of “Polish communist work” in the Ukrainian SSR]. Z arkhiviv VUChK-HPU-NKVD-KHB [From the archives of the VUCHK-GPU-NKVD-KGB], 1, 181-207 [іn Ukrainian].
5. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund п-4, Inventory 1, Unit 46 [іn Ukrainian].
6. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund п-352, Inventory 1, Unit 5 [іn Ukrainian].
7. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund п-352, Inventory 1, Unit 9 [іn Ukrainian].
8. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund р-7641, Inventory 1, Unit 598 [іn Ukrainian].
9. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund р-7641, Inventory 1, Unit 907 [іn Ukrainian].
10. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund р-7641, Inventory 1, Unit 962 [іn Ukrainian].
11. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund р-7641, Inventory 2, Unit 333 [іn Ukrainian].
12. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Sumskoi oblasti – State Archives of Sumy Oblast, Fund р-7641, Inventory 4, Unit 707 [іn Ukrainian].
13. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Chernihivskoi oblasti – State Archives of Chernihiv Oblast, Fund п-470, Inventory 4, Unit 39 [іn Ukrainian].
14. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Chernihivskoi oblasti – State Archives of Chernihiv Oblast, Fund п-470, Inventory 4, Unit 511 [іn Ukrainian].
15. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Chernihivskoi oblasti – State Archives of Chernihiv Oblast, Fund п-470, Inventory 4, Unit 1045 [іn Ukrainian].
16. Derzhavnyi arkhiv Chernihivskoi oblasti – State Archives of Chernihiv Oblast, Fund р-8840, Inventory 3, Unit 3218 [іn Ukrainian].
17. Ivanov, I. (1989). Kolyma [Kolyma]. Kyiv, 224 [іn Ukrainian].
18. Ovcharenko, F. D. (2000). Spohady [Memoirs]. Kyiv, 456 [іn Ukrainian].
19. Olitskyi, V. O. (2017). Represii proty pravoslavnoi tserkvy na Sumshchyni u 1920-1930-ti roky [Repressions against the Orthodox Church in the Sumy region in the 1920s and 1930s]. Kyiv, 315 [іn Ukrainian].
20.Rakhlyn D. M., Rakhlyn F. D. (2007). Rukopys. Plan neosushchestvlёnnыkh vospomynanyi ottsa o tiurme y lahere stalynskykh let, prokommentyrovannыi sыnom [Manuscript. Outline of his father's unrealized memoirs of the Stalin years' prison and camp, commented on by his son]. Kharkov, 240 [in Russian].
21. (2015). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. Sumska oblast [Rehabilitated by History]. Sumy region. Book 3. Part 1. Sumy, 496 [іn Ukrainian].
22. (2008). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. Chernihivska obl [Rehabilitated by History. Chernihiv region]. Book 1. Chernihiv, 800 [іn Ukrainian].
23. (2010). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. Chernihivska obl [Rehabilitated by History. Chernihiv region]. Book 2. Chernihiv, 710 [іn Ukrainian].
24. (2012). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. Chernihivska obl [Rehabilitated by History. Chernihiv region]. Book 4. Chernihiv, 632 [іn Ukrainian].
25. (2016). Reabilitovani istoriieiu. Chernihivska obl [Rehabilitated by History. Chernihiv region]. Book 6. Chernihiv, 684 [іn Ukrainian].
26. Skrypchuk, V. P. (2016). Orhany ChK – DPU na Kharkivshchyni v roky nepu (1921-1929 rr.) [Bodies of the Cheka - GPU in the Kharkiv Region during the NEP Years (1921-1929)]. Kharkiv, 237 [іn Ukrainian].
27. Sotnyk, O. M. (2008). Henotsyd ukrainskoi natsii [The Genocide of the Ukrainian Nation]. Sumy, 100 [іn Ukrainian].
28. Conquest, R. (2009). Velykyi teror. Stalinski chystky trydtsiatykh rokiv [The Great Terror. Stalin's purges of the thirties]. Lutsk, 880 [іn Ukrainian].
29. Ivanushchenko, G. M. (2001). Zalizom i krov’iu. Istoryko-dokumentalni narysy [By Iron and Blood. Historical and documentary essays]. Sumy, 192 [іn Ukrainian].
30. Haidei, V. O. (ed.), (2017). Ukrainska knyha 1917—1921 rr. u fondakh Pedahohichnoho muzeiu Ukrainy: Kataloh-putivnyk / Pedahohichnyi muzei Ukrainy [Ukrainian books of 1917-1921 in the collections of the Pedagogical Museum of Ukraine: Catalog-guide]. Kyiv, 172 [іn Ukrainian].
31. Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia – Central State Archive of Higher Authorities, F. 166, I. 12, 259 [іn Ukrainian].
32. Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnia – Central State Archive of Higher Authorities, F. 166, I. 12, 3783 [іn Ukrainian].