Mariia Melnychuk
PhD student, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv,
Department of Ancient and Modern History of Ukraine,
Kyiv, Ukraine
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5945-8026
DOI: 10.17721/2522-4611.2025.51.2
THE INTELLIGENTSIA OF PODILLIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY – AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The purpose of the research is to highlight of the activities of the intelligentsia on the territory of Podillia and the impact of the discriminatory policies of the Russian Empire’s on it. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematicity. According to the principle of historicism, the work analyzes the reasons for the emergence of the intelligentsia, the reasons for the lack of people of Ukrainian origin among the stratum and the policy of the Imperial Government in relation to the stratum. The principle of objectivity is embodied studying motives of the Russian authorities and Polish landowners to influence scholarship in the region. The principle of systematic work consists in the study of subgroups of the intelligentsia that make up the stratum. According to the main results of the study, it was established that the development of the market economy in the Russian Empire after the abolition of the institution of personal dependence accelerated the increase in the number of intelligentsia. Industrialization has led to an increase in demand for educated professionals, but Podillia is characterized by a shortage of personnel. The authorities evaluated the opening of access to education in their way. The content of education included the method of educating young people in loyalty to the monarchical power. In the studied region the creation of a new social group took place with its own specifics. Firstly, the scientific, creative, and technical intelligentsia of Podillia were foreigners by origin. Secondly, the Imperial Government introduced conditions for the employing Russian personnel in the civil service sector. Conclusions. The administrative and cultural life of the region was concentrated in the hands of foreigners. This phenomenon will become one of the factors of Ukraine’s defeat in national liberation competitions in the future. In further studies, a promising direction is the study of the intelligentsia among the former hereditary nobility. Persons of privileged origin who lost their status or went bankrupt had to find their place in the new world. Such people either entered the civil service sector or engaged in intellectual or creative work. It is important to investigate the reasons for the change in their social status, adaptation to a new life, and personal attitude to changes in their lives. The field of these studies is related to social history.
Key words: intelligentsia, Podillia, Podillia, Russian Empire, stratum, public servants, teachers, doctors.
Received by the editorial board: 18.12.2024.
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